So I'm at Walmart checking out the prices of frozen pizza, and the cute older woman is next to me. She turns to me, smiles, and says "Is it true of A^2 is the identity matrix, that it's also diagonalizable?". Ok so that wasn't funny and that's not how it goes, but this is a VERY useful fact that just comes up so often, at least in the world of mathematics, that it makes it worth mentioning. Here we go.
If A is a matrix such that A^2 = I, then A^2 - I = 0. Set f(x) = x^2 -
1. Then f(A) = 0 by Cayley Hamilton, so the minimal polynomial of A, say
p, divides f. In particular this means that p has no repeated factors,
hence A is diagonalizable.
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